Une grande partie des gens croient que quand quelq Essay Example For Students

Une grande partie des gens croient que quand quelq Essay uun a pris la compete ridge autre personne, on devrait leur prendre la strive. En revanche, beaucoup dautres considerent la peine de mort comme un acte barbare-et ils ont des raisons convaincants. Ils suggerent quen cas de meutre ce home pas seulement le meutrier qui est coupable, mais cest aussi la societe qui an echoue. Ils disent aussi que quand la societe tue quelquun elle aussi devient en effet meutrier. Surtout ils ont peur, comme tout le monde dailleurs, que lon pourrait mener a sa mort un etre honest Neanmoins je suis de lopinion en cas de meutre premedite, sans incitement et ou lauteur du wrongdoing est coupable sans aucun doute on devrait appliquer la peine capitale. Pourquoi? Dabord pour exercer un effet de prevention et pour eviter toute chance que le meutrier puisse repeter la wrongdoing. Dans les pays ou il ny a pas de peine de mort tout comme la notre le meutrier est condamne a jail a perpetuite. Alors malheureusement, la perpetuite est souvent beaucoup moins que le saying suggere. Ici au Canada, standard model, un meutrier peut sortir avec un bon comportement au yet de 12 ans - et on ne peut jamais nous assurer quil ne tuerait pas de nouveau. Quand on applique la peine capitale il ny an or more de possiblite de redundancy et en outre la peine de mort peut image avoir un effet preventif. Un individu penserait un peu in addition to aux outcomes de ses activities avant de tuer quelquun s il savait que la peine de mort lui attendait. Il y an aussi la question de equity pour la famille des victimes. Quand un criminel tue une personne, il ny a pas une seul victime; le bilan est beaucoup in addition to fabulous. Beaucoup dautres strives ont ete gachees en image temps. Est ce quon peut vraiment critical que la equity an ete servie quand lauteur du wrongdoing qui a pris une compete peut etre en liberte au however de quelques annees, tandis que la famille qui na rien fait du tout est condamne a souffrir jusqua la balance de ses jours. Je ne puis sentir la peine rise personne qui a perdu un frere, une soeur, un parent ou un enfant dans un acte de savagery extraordinary, et je sais que rien ne remplace une personne qui an ete tue; mais ca peut etre une encouragement pour ceux qui sont contacts dun tel wrongdoing de savoir que le coupable ne le fera in addition to jamais reprise. Le cout, bien sur, figure stupendous dans mon conclusion. Quand on condamne une personne a compete les frais sont enormes surtout dans les pays ou la condamnation a perpetuite est vraiment pour la strive. Ca coute des milliers de dollars standard a de garder une personne en jail. Dans une epoque ou les administrations sociaux pour ceux qui ont vraiment besoin daide et qui sont honest des wrongdoings sont cars jusquaux os, et dans un temps ou on trouve image ici au Canada quun pourcentage eleve des enfants vivent en pauvrete, avons-nous vraiment les moyens de garder en strive des gens qui ne sortiront jamais du jail? Cest un peu ironique de penser que les amis, les familles et les collegues des victimes des meutres paient leur impots qui vont en partie a soutenir les criminels qui leur ont fait de la peine!En end alors, et je repete que je parles seulement des cas de meutre premedites, sans incitement et quand lauteur an ete prouve coupable sans aucun doute, je suis en faveur de la pe ine capitale: en partie pour avoir un effet de dissausion, pour rendre equity aux familles des victimes, et parce que cest impulsive de depenser les earns sommes dargent pour soutenir les meutriers. La peine capitale est un acte barbare peut-etre, mais un acte de equity tout de image. .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 , .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .postImageUrl , .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 , .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:hover , .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:visited , .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:active { border:0!important; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:active , .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:hover { haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud8ec057a91 4e89c8e5ca189e4f826843 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud8ec057a914e89c8e5ca189e4f826843:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Isolation Through Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne Essayanita

Space Essay Research Paper Evolution a process free essay sample

Space Essay, Research Paper Advancement, a method of modification through clasp, is the thing that joins together the colossal decent variety of the existence universe. A group of grounds is available that demonstrates that the Earth has had a truly long history and that every living thing emerged in the class of that history from prior, progressively less complex signifiers. As such, all species have slid from different species and all life things parcel basic ascendants in the days of old. Essentially, creatures are what they are a result of their history. Today there are numerous speculations and potential outcomes identified with advancement which add to our misgiving of the technique. Our planet was brought into the world 4.6 billion mature ages back as an extraordinary dust storm and gas consolidated into a circle. As attraction pulled this incredible cloud firmly together, heat from extraordinary power per unit region and radiation softened the planet? s inside and the majority of its mass. We will compose a custom paper test on Space Essay Research Paper Evolution a procedure or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For 1000000s of mature ages after this, solid volcanic action everywhere throughout the planet shook the Earth? s outside layer. At a similar clasp, the Earth was showered by an extremely solid meteor shower. From investigating vents, it is realized that ejections spill out C dioxide, N, and different gases. It is other than realized that shooting stars convey H2O, in the signifier of ice, and numerous C consolidating mixes. That may recommend that the blend of volcanic action and an unchanging shower of shooting stars discharged the gases that made the Earth? s air. Geologists accept that the Earth? s early feel contained H2O fume, C monoxide, C dioxide, H, and N. It other than may hold contained ammonium hydroxide and methane. It did non fuse O, which is the main ground why the Earth could non hold bolstered life. With respect to seas, they couldn? Ts have existed at premier in light of the fact that the Earth? s surface was profoundly hot. Be that as it may, about 3.8 billion matu re ages prior, the Earth? s surface cooled bounty for H2O to remain a fluid on the land. Rainstorms wet the planet for some mature ages and seas started to make full. This is known on the grounds that the soonest sedimentary stones have been dated to that cut period. Mill operator and Urey were two researchers who endeavored to elucidate the start of life on Earth without referencing to any heavenly occasions. They played out an examination that recommends how the Earth? s climate may hold framed. Mill operator grouped # 8220 ; climatic # 8221 ; gases ( H, methane, ammonium hydroxide, and H2O fume ) in an unfertile glass holder and accused them of vitality by adding electric glimmers to them. The electric glimmers took after lightning at the clasp of the Earth? s arrangement. After about a hebdomad, the blend turned earthy colored and was found to fuse aminic acids. This natural compound delivered in this trial was productive in cognizing how the Earth? s early climate shaped. That is on the grounds that it was fruitful in bring forthing a portion of the building squares of nucleic acids under topographically important conditions. A request that astounded researchers was the means by which could this have begun in the main topographic point. It is noticed that aminic acids and nucleic acids adhere to the developments of dirt precious stones. By being held together in a customary structure on mud gems, these atoms consolidate to compose proteins and polynucleotides. Other research laborers non that a few sorts of RNA can fall in aminic acids into protein ironss without help from protein chemicals. A few signifiers of RNA can duplicate themselves and can truly redact different RNAs by including and dropping bases. These tests bolster another speculation that RNA, rather than DNA, worked as life? s first data stockpiling framework. Orchestrating to this theory, life dependent on RNA have begun when RNA sections started to duplicate and redact themselves and colle ct proteins. As clasp passed, these RNAs could hold developed to where they created protein compounds that assumed control over crafted by passing on about substance responses. Consequently, hive awaying familial data could hold in like manner been given to DNA. As such, over 1000s of mature ages, RNA, DNA, and proteins could hold developed into the perplexing framework that portrays life today. Identifying that RNA can move as a quickening agent, makes it simpler to think about how life started. Blending to Bruce M. Alberts, # 8220 ; One presumes that a significant early occasion was the improvement of a RNA particle that could catalyze its ain multiplication # 8221 ; . That makes it extremely evident why it is conceivable that RNA was the principal atom that could retroflex. These atoms so broadened into a gathering of quickening agents that could piece ribonucleotides in RNA combination or move up lipid-like particles to sort out the main cell films. This plainly propose how the principal films could hold shaped. Fox and his partners endeavored to happen an answer, to the start of layers and procaryotes, in their exploration labs. They warmed amino acids without H2O and shaped long protein ironss. As H2O was included and the blend chilled off, little microspheres were shaped. These appeared to move up specific mixes inside them. They other than pulled in lipoids and framed a lipid-protein bed around them, as referenced previously. Expecting that the microspheres joined with self-reproducing particles, we are taking a gander at an extremely antiquated being. This is the thing that may hold happened 3.8 billion mature ages prior as the primary films and procaryotes were arranging. With respect to eucaryotic cells, orchestrating to Lynn Margulis? s theory, they emerged based on what is known as a symbiont relationship. Lynn Margulis accepted that mitochondra were initially free procaryotic aerophilic people, populating on a symbiont relationship with another p rocaryote. The aerophilic procaryote was encased by the microorganisms? s cell surface layer in the system of endocytosis, which is made simple by the nonattendance of a cell divider in the microbes. The aerophilic procaryote wasn? T processed yet kept on working inside the other cell. The host cell got vitality that the aerophilic procaryote discharged. The chondriosome that was sorting out had all that it needed, taking it from its host. A comparable method happened in this manner with the host cell and photosynthetic procaryotes. This grounds clarifies the harmonious hypothesis for the start of the four Eukaryotic terrains, which are the Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck had his ain proposition of advancement. It was non genuinely acknowledged in light of the fact that his grounds, which was non truly persuading, was non truly back uping. Blending to his conviction, advancement should deliver # 8220 ; higher # 8221 ; creatures, with human presences at its definitive end. Lamarck? s hypothesis included legacy of gained highlights, meaning that a being? s way of life could pass on about changes that it gave to its descendants. A representation would be the way that Lamarck trusts Giraffes have long cervixs in light of the fact that their ascendants extended their cervixs on the grounds that their ascendants extended their cervixs to shop on the foliages ; and that this expansion long was given to wining coevalss. This appeared to be outlandish in light of the fact that individuals had been cutting off dress suits of numerous Canis familiariss yet they neer brought about a descendants conceived without a tail for that equivalent ground. Along these lines, Lamarck? s thought can non be correct, primarily in light of the fact that these changes do non sway the familial stuff. Change occurs in familial stuff only when games are included. In 1858, Charles Darwin presented a hypothesis of advancement that is acknowledged by pretty muc h all researchers today. His hypothesis areas that all species developed from a couple of basic ascendants by characteristic decision. Another British researcher, Alfred Wallace, presented an unclear hypothesis at about a similar clasp. In any case, Darwin? s hypothesis was better evolved and increasingly celebrated. Darwin? s and Wallace? s develop depended on five premises: 1 ) there is stableness in the system of propagation 2 ) in many species, the figure of creatures that develop, endure, and repeat is little contrasted with the figure stomach muscle initio delivered 3 ) in any populace, there are vacillations that are non delivered by nature and some are inheritable 4 ) which single tungsten sick develop and imitate and which won't are resolved to a noteworthy degree by the collaboration between these possibility varieties and the earth 5) given sufficient opportunity, normal determination prompts the collection of changes that separate gatherings of creature from another. Darwin?s hypothesis of regular determination is actually the procedure of nature that outcomes in the most fit life forms creating posterity. There has been exploratory proof for this procedure, endeavoring to demonstrate it right. Darwin saw that wild creatures and plants indicated varieties similarly as tamed creatures and plants did. He filled his scratch pad with records of stature, weight, shading, paw size, tail length, and different qualities among individuals from similar species. He additionally saw that high birthrates and a deficiency of life?s necessities constrained living beings into a steady â€Å"struggle for existence,† both against the earth and against one another. Plant stems develop tall looking for daylight, plant roots develop profound into the dirt looking for water and supplements. All that proof is the thing that bolstered Darwin?s hypothesis about common determination. Peppered moths give a case of normal choice in real life. Peppered moths invest the greater part of their energy laying on the bark of oak trees. In the start of the nineteenth century, the storage compartment of most peppered moths in England were light earthy colored dotted with green. There were constantly a couple of dim shaded moths around, yet light hued moths were the most widely recognized. At that point, the Industrial Revol

Are Bad Credit and No Credit the Same Thing

Are Bad Credit and No Credit the Same Thing Are Bad Credit and No Credit the Same Thing? Are Bad Credit and No Credit the Same Thing?Is this a “flammable” and “inflammable” situation, because we’ve been burned by that before. Literally.Instead of doing that thing where a blog post asks a question and then makes you read like half the article before answering it, we’re just going to get to the point: No. “Bad credit” and “no credit” are not the same thing.So what’s the difference?“No credit history means you’ve never borrowed money from a financial institution. Bad credit means you have borrowed money from a credit provider but made some financial mistakes in the past. Either way, they are both not ideal,” says Natasha Rachel Smith, a personal finance expert at TopCashback.com. “No credit is typically seen amongst high school and college students, and also with people who have been misled to think all forms of credit are bad.Remember that FICO scores exist on a scale from 300 to 850. (The higher the number, the better the score.) Having bad c redit means having a FICO score of 620 or belowâ€"all the way down to 300. Having no credit means you don’t even have a score at all.According to Kerri Moriarty, Head of Company Development at Cinch Financial, “Having “bad” credit means you’ve demonstrated some kind of negative behavior in the context of your credit historyâ€"it could be anything from missing payments, to carrying a very high balance compared to your available credit, opening a lot of new lines of credit at once, or filing bankruptcy for example.”Moriarty says that “Having no credit means that there is no information available that a lender can use to evaluate your ability to borrow money and repay in a responsible fashion. Just because you have no credit, doesn’t mean you have bad credit â€" it just means that the bank doesn’t know anything about you in the context of credit and that’s a risk in itself, just like the risk of lending to someone with bad credit.”Simon Zhen, a research analyst at MyBankTracker says that “All kinds of people can have bad credit but it doesn’t mean that they are bad people. You can be wealthy with high income and still have bad credit. Common reasons for bad credit include personal bankruptcy, identity theft, and missed payments. It’s very easy to forget a bill and that can lead to a significant drop in your credit score.”Who has bad credit? “Bad credit affects people that have had trouble meeting payment obligations in the past, whatever the cause,” says Liran Amrany, cofounder and CEO of Debitize. “There are typically people that have taken credit in the past, whether through a mortgage or credit card, and failed to pay their amounts due on timeâ€"though there are many other factors than can impact your credit as well.”“In fact,” says Amrany, “some people struggle from bad credit simply because they use most of their credit lineâ€"and making more frequent payments or asking for a credit line increase can often help her e.”According to Moriarty, it’s an unfortunate reality that “those with lower incomes are most susceptible to bad credit because their financial situations often leave them with no other option to make ends meet than financing the purchase using credit if they can’t afford it today.She adds, “Those that need the financing options the most end up paying the most for them.”Moriarty adds that “underbanked consumers also tend to fall in the lower income category which creates a terrible cycle of keeping them in the “no” credit category because they don’t have the assets today to establish credit that they can then prove they are responsible with.”Who has no credit?According to Ian Atkins, an analyst and staff writer at Fit Small Business, having no creditâ€"also known as having “thin” creditâ€"primarily affects three groups: young adults, those new to the US, and those who never utilized credit.Here’s what he has to say:“Young adults often have thin credit. Unless you have a parent who is especially clued in on how important good credit habits are, its likely that you graduate with no credit. After high school, though, youll typically have opportunities to start building credit. Credit card offers, cell phone plans, apartment leases, auto loans, student loansâ€"theyll all start building the foundation of your credit history.”Studies have shown that Millennials who came of age during the housing crash and great recession have tended to be very wary of credit. While their reluctance to take on excessive debt should be applauded, their reluctance to utilize credit accounts could prevent them from establishing their creditâ€"and those delays could cost them in the long run.”“Those new to the US (immigrants, exchange students, etc.) will have no credit. Differences in national laws and reporting mean that credit scores essentially stop at the border. While that has little impact on tourists, it can be a real problem for those who will be staying in the U.S. for extended periods or for those who will be calling the U.S. home. Regardless of how creditworthy you are in your country of origin, the US credit bureaus will have you showing no credit. And that can mean big issues renting an apartment, getting approved for credit cards, and even getting cell phones.”“Some folks just dont ever really have a reason to utilize credit and therefore never really build up a credit profile. Sometimes this is a spouse who relies on their partner to handle all the finances and was never placed on joint accounts. Sometimes this is someone who has always preferred to deal in cash. Youd be surprised how many very successful, high net-worth individuals have thin credit simply because theyre old school and only deal in cash. This avoidance of credit isnt really a problem, until it all of a sudden is.”How can I build my credit?According to Smith, “Thankfully, there is an easy solution to build a credit score. If you have no cre dit, you can apply for a secured credit card to start contributing data to your credit history. Secured credit cards require a security deposit that acts as all or part of your credit limit. They are the easiest form of lending to qualify for if you don’t have a credit history.”Amrany says that “The steps to improving your credit if you have bad credit, or building credit if you have no credit, are actually not that different. The best way to do either is to get a credit card and use it responsibly.”“Make sure you keep your utilization low and pay your bills on time,” he says. “If you cant qualify for a credit card, you can always start with a secured credit card. Within six months, you should be able to qualify for a better, unsecured credit card. If youre nervous about using a credit card, Debitize can help. Debitize covers your credit card purchases every dayâ€"just like a debit cardâ€"so you can build credit and earn rewards without worrying about debt, interest, o r late fees.”Zhen also recommends that folks with no credit can “be added as authorized users on the credit lines of other people. This links the strong account history to their credit reports until they can qualify for credit on their own.”How can I improve my bad credit?According to Zhen, the first step towards improving your credit “is to remove errors or dispute any inaccuracies that are leading to negative marks on your credit report. This could entail contacting banks, lenders, and credit bureaus to sort out the problem.”Here’s some good news: You’re actually entitled to one free copy of your credit report per year from each of the three major credit bureaus. Just visit annualcreditreport.com to request a copy.To remedy bad credit, Moriarty suggests that you take steps to establish a strong repayment history.“With whatever you have available, like your current credit cards, you want to begin spending a little bit on them each month, so that you can pay off the balance in full, month after month, until you’ve demonstrated to the lender you are good at making payments on time,” she says. “35% of your credit score is determined by your payment history, and it’s the most important factor that the bureaus use to determine your credit score.”Moriarty also recommends working on your outstanding credit card balances, as “30% of your score is based on your utilizationâ€"which means the amount you’re spending (and possible carrying as a balance) on the card compared to the total credit limit. ““The rule of thumb is not to exceed 30% of your total credit limit, she says, adding, “This is tricky, because your total credit limit amount is more important than the actual amount of debt you owe. It’s not that the company cares how much you’ve spend, they just worry when it looks like you’re spending almost all of your available credit because it sends a signal that you are really strapped for cash.”“Negative marks fall off y our credit report after 7 years,” says Zhen. “So stay consistent with your good credit behavior and your credit will recover just fine.”Are you having trouble with your credit score? Check out our other blog posts on this subject, and tell us if there’s a question or topic you’d like us to answer in a future piece! You can find us on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsLiran Amrany (@LiranAmrany) is the co-founder and CEO of Debitize, a personal finance app that gives users credit card perks without the risks of debt, interest, or late fees. Debitize (@Debitize) is compatible with any credit card and works by automatically paying off your purchases every day just like a debit card. Liran has a Masters in Financial Engineering from UC Berkeley and, prior to founding Debitize, spent 9 years as a derivatives marketer at JPMorgan.Ian Atkins (@FitSmallBiz) is an analyst and staff writer for Fit Small Business. He covers sma ll business finance with a focus on traditional and alternative small business lending. Ian has over 9 years working in personal and small business finance.Kerri Moriarty  (@CinchFinancial) is part of the founding team at Cinch Financial, a Boston-based startup building autonomous fiduciary software. Prior to Cinch, she worked as a financial advisor helping individuals plan their financial lives in the long and short term. Being one of those mysterious millennials, she manages most of her life across 5-6 apps on her phone and recognizes no such technology exists for her everyday financial decisions. Big companies have CFO’s working for them â€" why shouldn’t you? That’s where Cinch comes in.Natasha Rachel Smith (@TopCashBackUSA) a Personal Finance Expert at TopCashback.com, is based in Montclair, NJ. Natasha’s background is in retail, banking, personal finance and consumer empowerment; ranging from sales to journalism, marketing, public relations and spokesperson work during a 17-year career period. She’s originally from London, UK, but moved to Montclair, New Jersey, USA, several years ago to launch and run the American arm of the British-owned TopCashback brand; a global consumer empowerment and money-saving portal company.Simon Zhen  (@SimonZhen) is a research analyst for MyBankTracker  (@mybanktracker), a website that focuses on helping people find the best banks and financial accounts based on their unique relationship with money. He is knowledgeable in consumer banking, deposit accounts, credit cards, and general personal finance topics.

Biography of Journalist C Wright Mills

Charles  Wright Mills (1916-1962), popularly known as C. Wright Mills, was a mid-century sociologist and journalist. He is known and celebrated for his critiques of contemporary power structures, his spirited treatises on how sociologists should study social problems and engage with society, and his critiques of the field of sociology and academic professionalization of sociologists.   Early Life and Education Mills was born on August 28, 1916, in Waco, Texas. Because his father was a salesman, the family  moved a lot and lived in many places throughout Texas while Mills was growing up, and as a result, he lived a relatively isolated life with no intimate or continuous relationships. Mills began his university career at Texas AM University but completed only one year. Later, he attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he completed a bachelors degree in sociology  and a masters degree in philosophy in 1939. By this point, Mills had positioned himself as an important figure in sociology by publishing in the fields two leading journals (American Sociological Review  and  American Journal of Sociology) while still a student. Mills earned a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1942, where his dissertation focused on pragmatism and the sociology of knowledge. Career Mills began his professional career as an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1941, and served there for four years. During this time, he began to practice public sociology by writing journalistic articles for outlets including  The New Republic,  The New Leader, and  Politics. Following his post in Maryland, Mills took a position as a research associate at Columbia Universitys Bureau of Applied Social Research. The following year, he was made  assistant professor  in the universitys sociology department and by 1956, had been promoted to the rank of Professor. During the 1956-57 academic year, Mills had the honor of serving as a Fulbright lecturer at the University of Copenhagen. Contributions and Accomplishments The major focus of Millss work was the subjects of  social inequality, the power of elites and their control of society, the shrinking  middle class, the relationship between individuals and society, and the importance of historical perspective as a key part of sociological thinking. Millss most influential and famous work,  The Sociological Imagination  (1959),  describes how one should approach the world if one wants to see and understand as a sociologist does. He emphasizes the importance of seeing the connections between individuals and everyday life and the greater social forces that constitute and course through society, and the importance of understanding our contemporary lives and social structure in historical context. Mills argued that doing so was an important part of coming to understand that what we often perceive as personal troubles are in fact public issues. In terms of contemporary social theory and critical analysis,  The Power Elite  (1956) was a very important contribution made by Mills. Like other critical theorists of that time, Mills was concerned with the rise of a techno-rationality and intensified bureaucratization following World War II. This book serves as a compelling account of how military, industrial/corporate, and government elites created and how they maintain a closely interlocked power structure that controls society to their benefit at the expense of the majority. Other key works by Mills include From  Max Weber: Essays in Sociology  (1946),  The  New Men of Power  (1948),  White Collar  (1951), Character and Social Structure: The Psychology of Social  (1953),  The Causes of World War Three  (1958), and  Listen, Yankee  (1960). Mills is also credited with introducing the term New Left when he penned an open letter in 1960 to the leftists of the day. Personal Life Mills was married four times to three women and had one child with each. He married Dorothy Helen Freya Smith in 1937. The two divorced in 1940 but remarried in 1941, and had a daughter, Pamela, in 1943. The couple divorced again in 1947, and that same year Mills married Ruth Harper, who also worked at the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia. The two also had a daughter, Kathryn, who was born in 1955. Mills and Harper separated after her birth and divorced in 1959. Mills was married for a fourth time in 1959 to Yaroslava Surmach, an artist. Their son Nikolas was born in 1960. Throughout these years, Mills was reported to have had many extramarital affairs and was known for being combative with his colleagues and peers. Death Mills suffered from a prolonged heart condition in his adult life and survived three heart attacks before finally succumbing to a fourth on March 20, 1962. Legacy Mills is remembered as a deeply important American sociologist whose work is essential to how students are taught about the field and the practice of sociology. In 1964, he was honored by the Society for the Study of Social Problems with the creation of the annual C. Wright Mills Award.

Gender Roles Of Women And Men - 1464 Words

Introduction: Gender Roles in media is how women and men are portrayed in everyday media such as tv shows, movies, and music. Today media can have negative effects on the thought of gender roles in the society because more and more people stereotype following the media, while stereotyping can lead to prejudices and gender discrimination. This is a controversial issue because men and women are depicted a certain way with unequal and identified gender-related stereotypes which influence the society of the 21st century. Men have always taken the dominant position in the society. The development of such a prejudiced view of gender roles caused the development of women’s inferiority. Gender roles in media effects cracking or breaking the†¦show more content†¦In the show the female character is always sexualized and portrayed in this risquà © light. The show depicts Mary Jane in a negative image because she becomes involved with a married man. Also, in the show the character is v ery determined to be successful in her occupation but many male in society would label her as a â€Å"bitch† when in reality she is not.† This quote shows that when women act the same way as men do in a professional atmosphere they would be labeled as selfish and domineering. If women don t act the way society wants them too then it is seen as disrespectful and then would be look upon in a negative way. After that women develop a bad reputation that sticks around developing a new stereotype for all women. Written in the same article another example is shown, â€Å"In both DC and Marvel superhero movies majority of the heroes are males. There have been many movies franchise such as Batman, Spider-man, Hulk, Superman, Iron Man, and Captain America with male superheroes. However, there have been very few with female superheroes. Catwomen is one of the few films that centers on a female lead.† This quote shows that in the media presented to an audience of va riety of people, gender roles are displayed showing that only men can really be a superhero whereas women aren’t really seen as strong enough to be a superhero. Women are usually thought of asShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Women And Men845 Words   |  4 Pagesexpected to play specific gender roles. In Canada women and men are thought of as equal, having the same rights to respect, autonomy, and independence (Bonvillain and Miller 2013: 39). The CBSA ignored this right when the agency allowed religious travellers to avoid female guards. Although men and women may have different roles in their households and communities, their work and activities are equally valued and socially rewarded (Bonvillain and Miller 2013: 39). These roles play an important partRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women1749 Words   |  7 PagesRoles of Males and Females in Different Television Programs Americans watch an alarming amount of television starting from a young age. The average American watches five hours of television a day (Koblin 2016). This enormous amount of media input influences perceptions and is connected to cementing many things in people, such as gender roles. Gender roles are thoughts, actions, and feelings learned by a person fitting their gender due to cultural norms (Santrock 2016). Additionally, stereotypes appealRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Men1461 Words   |  6 PagesFor years, women have always been inferior to men. Even the bible states, women must be submissive. During War World II, women got a chance to experience a hint of freedom. Not by choice of course. While men went off to war, women had to hold down the fort at home. This marked the beginning to pioneer change. No one foresaw this innovation until it was too late. In a society were men are superior to women, was no longer susceptible. The road towards equality was certainly not an eas y one. AlthoughRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Men Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Through many generations women were not treated equally as men. Women have fought their way to have gender equality but it has been slowly progressing. More women are starting to have high ranked jobs, more have been going into the workforce and don’t have to stay home all day long to take care of the kids. There are many differences between the gender roles (how women and men act or how they should be) when it comes to certain things. Like if you tell a girl, she hits like a boy or tellRead MoreThe Gender Roles Of Men And Women1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe gender roles of men and women were quite different in pre-20th-century drama. In his play Lysistrata, Aristophanes creates a world to bring about his thoughts on the Peloponnesian war with the comedic relief of gender role reversal. The women in his play are not necessarily the way women of his time were, but more of what men thought they were as well as what men feared or fantasized women could be like. Through action an d dialogue, the play shows examples of several different types of women. LysistrataRead MoreGender Roles of Men and Women2024 Words   |  8 PagesThe gender roles of men and women are defined before a person is even born. When a parent finds out that their child is either a little boy or girl, themselves and other family members will begin the process of gender role socialization. Gender role socialization as defined in Gidden’s Introduction to Sociology is â€Å"the learning of gender through social factors such as schooling, the media and family.† (Giddens et al. 2014: 216) By buying all blue or pink, making sure the boy will have trucks andRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthe agricultural to industrial societies gender role has gradually changed in many ways. It can be seen from today that the role of male and female does not really much different. From the past with the perspective that women need to stay at home and perform housew ork while men need to work outside, these perspectives have changed over the time. Gender role which was built within the social contexts and since the globe has changed role of both men and women should be able to transform themselves toRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women1362 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in Fairy Tales Fairy tales have been around for generations. They are a way to express the idealistic realities of society. In most fairy tales, the roles of men and women reflect the way men and women are portrayed in reality. Many cultures believe that women are to be seen and not heard and that the only necessity for them is to take care of the house and raise children to repopulate society. Fairy tales originated from oral tradition. These stories were passed down and here eventuallyRead MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women1998 Words   |  8 Pages Men and Women have many different life experiences that allow their literature to be different from each other. Gender plays a really important role in society. From the day we are born, we are instantly given a blue blanket if we are a boy or a pink blanket if one is a girl. In society, we are told that we can be whoever we want to be, but many people especially women are criticized if they want to endure a path that is similar to a male. In literatu re, authors are able to express from their realRead MoreGender Roles And Expectations Of Men And Women1009 Words   |  5 Pagesthe last few decades, there has been a trend of shift in roles and expectations of men and women. The shift was dynamic in the latter half of the twentieth century. World had been made a great stride in acquiring and adapting to the new definition of gender roles. These changes can be seen in the fields of education, media, economics as well as many other things. The reason for the change is a rapid increase in the number of women at workplaces-worldwide. Unlikely, this wave of change is

Is poverty the main factor affect crime Free Essays

string(172) " be committed but middle class are ignored , while blue collar crime which are crime committed by working and underclass such are robbery are more focused on in the media\." In the essay I’m going to talk about criminology and criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals. Is one social group Involved In crime more than other social groups? Crime Is an unlawful act punishable by the state, harmful act or Arnold’s against the public which the state wishes to prevent and which, upon conviction Is punishable by fine, imprisonment and in some countries death. No conduct constitutes a crime unless it is declared criminal in the laws of the country and poverty is the state of being extremely poor and being without things, having little none, not many material possessions and the need of essential goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Is poverty the main factor affect crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being poor means people have nothing and struggle to survive every day. Some sociologist have suggest that being tortured with poverty after a while leads to evil thoughts and the struggle of being in the poverty cycle committing crimes gradually becomes a new way of them wanting to break out of the poverty cycle some say there a high correlation of poverty with crime . According to mainstream media under/working class citizens are more exposed towards crime, many theories of crime are based on national statistics with are taking out every year. According to official data the working class group are more likely to commit crimes then the middle class, sociologist have taken these figures and came up with theories on the case. Sociologist are beginning to seriously question if poverty is the main factor by using correctional data , this essay is going to argue about the factors affecting crime, if it’s based on social statues or if more factors are involved. I will begin by stating that there actually is change in crime but also the people committing the crimes, although I’m talking about crime and the influences I’m still going to bring in other factor that ay have had an influence on the individuals committing the crimes . Or example psychical factor such as the biological explanations, sociological explanations and social biological; I’m also going to be talking about the modern crime theories, sociology theories of crime, subcultures explanation of crime, biology theories and crime, genetics and criminal behavior ,psychological theories of crime and personality and crime expansions are psychology factors I’m going to people talking about and I’m going to talk a bout sociologist theories such as other crimes such as fraud, crime of passion , serial murder etc. Bear absolutely no link to poverty this suggest they may be an inverse link, since poor people are not in a position to carry out a crime like fraud or insider trading. No matter how much norms and values an individual has if poverty threatens his or her life then there likely to indulge into such criminal acts and could try to attack the prevailing social structure. Mom timer honest people who hate corruption from the depth of their soul fails to keep their mental balance and due to pressure of poverty they indulge Into crimes just to maintain their existence , the mainstream media only looks at the crime committed Instead of ending the real cause that lead the committee to such and act. Psychology AS for AKA [Crawled Clark Mildred] Fourth Edition psychopathology (Abnormality) section I used Psychology AS for AKA to do research on Freud this was a really good start for me, it clearly showed the psychology behind and crime and how I could structure is in my essay. But in reality I had to do more research of psychology behind crime on the internet because the book wasn’t able to give out clear criticism of Freud theory and the criticism were needed in order for me to have a balanced argument. Overall the psychology be was very useful in giving me point hat I can adapted on and structure it into the essay but even though the little bit of information they had was helpful I personally believe it wasn’t enough to help Sociology AY for AKA [Stephen moored Steve Chapman Dave Keen] Third edition crime and deviance section I used sociology AY for AKA to do research on criminology, I personally believe out of the entire book I went though it had the most information for me, it was useful and very resourceful. But the only problem I had with the book is that it had a lack of criticism for my essay and I needed it to keep my argument balanced. Overall, the sociology book was the most useful out of everything in my research but even though it was useful it still pushed me to for further research. John William] the seductions of crime’ In this newspaper article John William tried to explain why crime exist with sociological evidence supporting what he has written, this was useful because [Tracy childish and Robert McDonald] ‘Understanding youth subcultures’ Discussion MARXISM AND CRIME Marxist theory in general is that they believe that capitalism can only thrive though the explorations of the working class, Marxist believes that they’re a clear link teen human nature and the way we operate in a capitalist society. Marxist believes that capitalism is not only an economic system but is also a political system, in all aspects of society ; this provides the bourgeoisie with a supple mass of workers who do not mind working for external rewards of a constant wage. Some people say that the main factor that links in with crime is poverty and strong example of people who think this is Marxist. Marxist see crime as not coming from moral or biological defects but defects with social order (social control), Marxist say that crime happens because of social class differences . Irking class crimes are a lot more common if you don’t conform to the unjust system then you will be punished, for example intuitions such as the polices and the Justice system encourage individuals to conform. Marxist argues that white collar crimes with tend to be committed but middle class are ignored , while blue collar crime which are crime committed by working and underclass such are robbery are more focused on in the med ia. You read "Is poverty the main factor affect crime" in category "Papers" Marxist say this is a superstructure because it maintains and reflects ruling class ideology. The state (people in politics) who are part of the middle class pass laws which is inefficiency towards them . Laws are made by the state which represent interest of the state which has positive impact on ruling class and negative on working. Marxist would also argue that crime is an inevitable part of capitalism as it stem from social inequalities because working class crime is caused by labor exploitation and lack or materials. Traditional Marxist believes that majority of the population are exploited by the ruling class (the bourgeoisie), exploitation provides the key to explaining why less privilege people commit crimes. They focus on the unequal conflict between the woo classes of society. Marxist believe it’s by nature it inevitably causes crime, this is called carcinogenic ; Marxist see crime in the capitalist system as a tool of the ruling class where they can control the working class and crime Marxist say crime is unavoidable because of the result of the oppression the working class are in by the state. An example of were the state oppresses the working/underclass is that 80% of laws that exist is to protect private property, this suggest that the state are more concerned about martial and possession then they do about they’re society and the peoples well-being. Neo Marxist are another branch of Marxism also known as radical criminology; they discuss more contemporary ideas of crime. They believe that the Marxist theory is too simplistic they are wider factors that lead to recidivism. Traditional Marxist view crime in 3 key aspects; Carcinogenic capitalism – idea that crime is inevitable because of the nature of capitalism is Marxist idea that crime and their ideas e. G. Such as saying crime is a result out of political anger. Carcinogenic capitalism is the Marxist idea that crime is inevitable because of the nature of fatalism. ; The state and law making- law enforces widely supports the ruling class over the working class because the law making widely supports the ruling class over the working class, Marxist claim that laws enforced are very selective and repressive e. G. The police largely ignores crimes of the powerful in society and instead focus on; Ideological functions of crime and law-Marxist claim sometimes laws are passed that- on surface to benefit the working class. According to the Marxist theory of crime it highly suggests that they do believe that poverty is the main factor when talking bout crime. However, one criticism of Marxist theory towards crime is white collar crimes. White-collar crime refers to financially motivated nonviolent crime committed sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as â€Å"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. † An example of a white collar crime is false advertising, anti-trust violations, environmental pollution or dumping product on the market below cost. This goes against Marxist theory because they believe that crime is only done by the working class because of the huge divide teen the upper and the working class but Marxist theory doesn’t explain why middle class people are committing crimes. White collar crime carried in a business or fraud. Because most of the time it is done on a smaller scale, it is harder to detect when the crime is being committed. However, when it is caught out, a lot of the time the criminal isn’t punished as harshly. Reasons for this could be that the crime isn’t as serious as violent crimes or to save the reputation of the company that the person has been stealing from whilst working there. However, in larger scale situations, the crime is more than likely to be reported. One the other hand, another criticism to Marxist is Cambridge University study and they came to the conclusion that Poverty is not an excuse for crime as morality is the biggest factors commit crime because they lack morals and not Just because of the environment they live in, according to a new study. Cambridge University studied around 700 young people in Petrography for over a decade and discovered that most adolescent crime is not Just because of poverty. In fact, while it is agreed that urban environments trigger some young people to commit crime, it is their morality which is the biggest factor. Other managers that were experiencing similar situations as the young criminals remain highly resistant to committing crime because they were raised with morality. Functionalist perspective on crime Functionalist main theory is that believe social order benefits everyone, crime is bad as the weak suffer, social progress would be limited by disorder and all would suffer, thus crime must be limited, some crime can be positive. They believe some crime can be positive because can act a warning device, can help society progress, provides employment, acts as a safety valve, helps social cohesion, reinforces the boundaries f society. Druthers believed in consensus and the need for social order, basis of society was a set of shared values which guide our actions called the collective conscience, tells us what is acceptable and what is not, re-affirming boundaries, and anomie. Functionalist believe that crime is inevitable in society, this means that it’s almost impossible for crime not to exist because not everyone will buy into the collective sentiments of society and some few may deviate from these social norms and beliefs Druthers argued that crime is an inevitable and normal aspect of social life. Crime is present in all types of society; indeed, the crime rate is higher in the more advanced, industrialized countries. According to Druthers, crime is an ‘integral part of all healthy societies’. It’s inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments (the shared values and moral beliefs) of society since individuals are exposed to different influences and circumstances, it is ‘impossible for all to be alike’ . Functionalist believes that certain amount of crime and deviance as normal and an integral part of all healthy societies. This is because it acts as a ‘safety valve’, providing a relatively harmless way for someone to express their discontent. For example, Cohen said that â€Å"prostitution family’, this is because he believed this crime of prostitution could relieve the stress in a discrete way without damaging the rest of the clients life. Clarinda said crime also served the function of acting as a warning device. This is because the crime indicates that there is an aspect of society that is malfunctioning. So the crime draws attention to the problem within society, which can then be fixed. Druthers said that crime in society isn’t genetically produced, but is natural in society. However, he did say that too much crime was dangerous in a society, and this is an idea Morton developed. To conclude Functionalist believe that crime is inevitable which means that anyone can commit it, this is because not everyone will buy into the collective sentiments of society and some may deviate from these norms and beliefs. However, Druthers doesn’t explain why certain people are more likely to commit crimes than others. He appears not concerned with this problem – he was most interested in the nature of the relationship between crime and order in society. If questioned on individual motivations of criminals, he would probably have invoked their lack of solicitation. Also, he stresses harmony of society and the belief that the law reflects the interests and views of the majority of the population, but he seems to ignore the concept of power – it is generally accepted that in all societies some groups have greater ability than the bulk of the population to influence the law making process. Marxist, for example, argue that the powerful in society control the law making system along with everything else and thus are able to pass laws which eight appear to be fair but which actually work to help preserve their position of power. Thus, the criminal system may not be as harmonious as Functionalists believe; indeed, Functionalists are often criticized for looking at life through rose tinted glasses which means they see everything as it was positive but they don’t look at the true picture. Biological theory of crime Another factor they may have a link to crime is the biological theories of crime. Biological Theory is a peer-reviewed scientific Journal covering the fields of evolution and cognition. Biological theories are based on the nature versus nurture debate. Are we born criminals or do we learn crime, biological theories also see crime as a form of illness caused by pathological; factors specific to certain classes of individuals which is bad behavior vs.. Sick behavior. ‘Does the way you look say that you are a criminal? Limbos (1876) introduced the first theory. We can assume that some people are â€Å"born criminals†Punishment is inapplicable. Limbos (1876) believed that you have an innate predisposition towards criminal behavior, In other words crime is something you are born to do. We frequently make inferences about another arson’s character based on his/her appearance Ancient Greeks and Romans believed in â€Å"physiognomy’ (physical features can reveal a person’s natural disposition) for example â€Å"Do not trust beardless men and bearded women† . Cesar Limbos was an Italian criminologist who in 1876 promoted the theory of ‘anthropological determinism’ that essentially stated that criminality was inherited and that someone â€Å"born criminal†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ could be identified by physical defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage. Limbos believed that by studying someone’s physical features, you could identify a potential criminal. Lumbago’s criteria for this cheekbones, flattened or upturned nose; handle-shaped ears; large chins, very prominent in appearance; hawk-like noses or fleshy lips; hard shifty eyes, scanty beard or baldness and insensitivity to pain. Limbos finally concluded that a criminal would have long arms. Lumbago’s studies of female criminality began with measurements of females’ skulls and photographs in his search for â€Å"atavism†. He concluded that female criminals were rare and showed few signs of â€Å"degeneration† because they had â€Å"evolved less than men due to the inactive nature of their lives†. Limbos argued it was the females’ natural passivity that withheld them from breaking the law, as they lacked the intelligence and initiative to become criminal. Limbos had also stated that these criminals behaved in a different way to everyone else. These different behaviors are as follows an inability to adjust to social and moral issues an inability to differentiate between right and wrong, a low inability to show any kind of guilt or remorse, an inability to show any kind of feelings toward, and an inability to form any kind of relationship. However, Biological theory as much criticism but in the following paragraph I’m only going to speak on 3 of them. The first criticism is Goring (1913) in his experiment he criticized Limbos on the issue of born criminal and found that such thesis is inaccurate as well as dangerous, he tested a group of criminals and non-criminals to see if they showed any differences in behavior and he found that no significant difference between them, he then concluded that no one is criminal until he or she commits a crime. Another criticism of the biological theory is environmental factors, this is because hey may have had a poor family history in which they were deprived of their mother at a young age (hence maternal deprivation) or they lived in poverty for many years and had trouble coping with bills or buying food to eat. They may have been subjected to crime at a young age because they may have had a parent who took drugs or smoked and if there was no money to buy the drugs then they would be made to steal in order to get the money. However, the next criticism of the biological approach is stereotyping and encouraging stereotyping would then encourage prejudice and discrimination. For example if children are shown a picture of a man with upturned nose; handle-shaped ears or large chins , they will indicate a negative attribution towards the picture rather than to a picture of a man without upturned nose; handle-shaped ears; large chins (these features on a man are known to be a good indicator of being a criminal). Yet, the only problem with stereotyping is that there is no strong evidence to prove it and that the research methods used were defective. It has also been criticized on methodological grounds because a proper control group hasn’t been used so it can’t be reliable. Psychological explanations of criminal behavior Psychological theory which has first developed by Freud this states that all humans have natural drives and urges that is repressed in the unconscious. Additionally, all humans have criminal tendencies. These tendencies are curbed, however, through the process of Colonization. A child that is improperly socialized, then, could develop a personality disturbance that causes him or her to direct antisocial impulses either inward or outward. Those who direct them inward become neurotic while those that direct them outward become criminal. Freud had his own views on what makes a as a result of an overdeveloped superego. People with overdeveloped superegos feel guilty for no reason and wish to be punished in order to relieve this guilt they are feeling and committing crimes is a method of obtaining such desired punishment and relieving guilt. In effect, a person commits the crime so that they can get punished and thus relieve guilt – the guilt comes before the crime. According to this view, crime is a result of a poorly integrated psyche. Freud also identified the â€Å"pleasure principle†; that humans have basic unconscious biological urges and a sire for immediate gratification and satisfaction. This includes desires for food, sex, and survival. Freud believed that if these could not be acquired legally, people would instinctively try to do so illegally. Freud also believed that people have the ability to learn in early childhood what is right and what is wrong and though we may have an instinctive nature to acquire what we desire, such nature can be controlled by what is learned in our early years. He believed that people primarily get moral principles as a young child from their parents and that if these were missing because of poor renting, that child would grow up into being less able to control natural urges to acquire whatever is needed. However, the greatest criticism of the psychodrama approach is that it is unscientific in its analysis of human behavior. Many of the concepts central to Fraud’s theories are subjective and as much impossible to scientifically test. For example, how is it possible to scientifically study concepts like the unconscious mind? In this respect the psychodrama perspective is unfeasible as the theories cannot be empirically investigated. However, Kline (1989) argues that the psychodrama approach comprises a series of hypotheses, some of which are more easily tested than others, and some with more supporting evidence than others. Also, whilst the theories of the psychodrama approach may not be easily tested, this does not mean that it does not have strong explanatory power. Nevertheless, most of the evidence for psychodrama theories is taken from Fraud’s case studies e. G. Little Hans. The main problem here is that the case studies are based on studying one person in detail, and with reference to Freud the individuals in question are most often middle aged women from Vienna I. . His patients. This makes generalizations to the wider population (e. G. The whole world) difficult. Another problem with the case study method is that it is susceptible to researcher bias. Re-examination of Fraud’s own clinical work suggests that he sometimes distorted his patients’ case histories to ‘fit’ with his theory Galloway, 1991. The humanistic approach makes the criticism that the psychodrama perspective is too deterministic – leaving little room for the idea of personal agency I. E. Free will. Finally, the psychodrama approach can be criticized for being sexist against women. For example, Freud believed that females’ penis new made them inferior to males. He also thought that females tended to develop weaker super ego and to be more probe to anxiety than males. Also the theory such as id ego and superego are difficult to define and research. Sub cultural Explanations of crime Subcultures theories are theories which examine the behavior and actions of various groups within society these groups which reject or depart from the subcultures, and subcultures theories attempt to explain why these groups most are concerned with youth gangs’ and gang delinquency engaged in criminal acts . N 955 Albert Cohen came up with status frustration ,this is seen as a functional perspective of subcultures behavior (it improves their status) many working class youths who cannot gain status legitimately, become frustrated and therefore try to gain status through illegitimate means then they create their own subculture and reject the norms and values of mainstream society. Cohen have noted that Delinquency was lower in areas of high economic status w hile it was seen to be high in areas of low economic status linking back to Marxist theory that people of a lower class background are more likely to commit crime. Their studies also found that these findings remained constant over time, They therefore came to the conclusion that â€Å"delinquency-producing factors are inherent in the Community and is culturally transmitted. Another explanations for subcultures and crime is Miller (1992) and Miller does not see the criminal behavior occurring due to the inability of the lower class groups to achieve success. Instead, he explains crime in terms of the existence of a distinctive lower class subculture. He believes that this lower class group has for centuries possessed their own culture and traditions with a fundamentally different room those in the higher classes. This thus suggests that this lower class culture has been passed on not by one generation but for much longer than this. What are the Concerns of this Culture, Compared with the Higher Strata? Toughness: this involves a concern for masculinity and finds expression in courage in the face of physical threat and a rejection of timidity and weakness. In practice this can result in assault, and battery as the group attempt to maintain their ‘reputation’. Smartness: this involves the ‘capacity to outfox, outwit, dupe, and take others. Groups that use these sequences, include the hustler, conman, and the cardsharp, the pimp and pickpocket and petty thief. Excitement: Involves the search for thrills’, for emotional stimulus. In Practice it is sought in gambling, sexual adventures and booze, which can be obtained by a traditional night out on the town. Fate: They believe that little can be done about their lives – what will be will be†¦ Trouble: young working class males accept their lives will involve violence, and they Will not run away from fights. However , one criticism of sub cultural theory is Miller claim that the six focal encores are central of sub cultural tradition but he doesn’t give enough evidence to show that this is lower class values , therefore how are we supposed to trust miller theory on sub cultural if it’s not reliably. Also miller says that it applies to male’s right across the class structure but doesn’t give any mythological evidence. Another fundamental weakness of these theories stems from precisely this: an overemphasis on the importance of a ‘gang response’ to crimes, it places far too much attention on a group response rather than on individual responses. Notwithstanding the fact that cost Juvenile crime such as Joy-riding is conducted by ‘gangs’, these theories fail to explain why crimes such as rape and murder, which are very individualistic, occur Gender and crime According to official static there an overwhelming predominance of males compared with females on committing crimes. Given this there has to be something in the these difference . Len the paragraph I’m going to explain why there are gender differences in offending rates and to be able to explain sociological evidence for the reasons from different offending rates,. Sex-role theory argues that women are less keel to commit crime than men because there are core elements of the female role that limit their ability and opportunity to do so. There are a number of different versions, all of which can fit quite comfortably together. The first form of sex role theory is solicitation, this is the process by which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life process : according to this approach, girls are socialized to be famine, polite and innocent while boys are socialized to be masculine strong and powerful. Over all this explains the large inequality when it comes to crime suggesting it’s not males fault that they commit crime its societies fault for enforcing social roles on children. According to Gender and crime theory male colonization is the main factor of crime. The second form of sex role theory is Normalization this is the idea that males are opportunist because they have m However, the gender and crime theory is criticized because Frances hedonism say that criminology has tended to be dominated by males, in the main they have been studied by men and the studies have been about men. This may be an explanation of the big difference between males and females in crime . Frances hedonism has suggested 3 reasons for this and the first one is the most obvious and it’s that male dominance of offenders this has an impact because many sociologist are more likely going to study them rather than the minority of female offenders . The second explanation for lack of information on female crime is male domination in sociology and this suggest that the majority of academics have been male this suggest investigations have been a reflection of males view points and intersect. And the last reason hedonism put forward was sociological theorizing this is the idea that male sociologist constructed there theories and not thinking how It could be applied to females, this is because most traditional theories are gender blind in affect that means they ignore the specific viewpoint of women. To conclude the objectives of this essay was to argue if one social group involved in crime more than other social groups? Make a clear distinction between what other factors cause crime, to analysis the arguments for and against whether poverty is a justification of crime and to draw a conclusion to weather poverty is the mother of crime. I believe that in my argument I was able to reach all my objectifies . The original purpose of this study is to examine the different perspective on crime and come to a sensible conclusion on whether it was Justified for people under the bread line to commit crimes and to come to a conclusions if it is fair for them to go prison if being court.. By looking at the evidence and argument, I must conclude that poverty is a key factor when approaching the theory of crime, the reason why I say this is cause both Marxist and the sub cultural theories both agree one the fact the poverty and crime have and ongoing relationship, but they also bring in key evidence to back . But according to the information I got from my AY sociology book middle class individual It would have been unwise from the outset to assume that I would have come to an absolute Answer to my research question due to the wide range of factors that have been researched. The project has allowed me to explore to a great depth a topic not only of great interest to me, But one that will bear great important during my future as a social psychologist. How to cite Is poverty the main factor affect crime, Papers

Los Angeles City Of Fallen Angels And Broken Dreams Essays

Los Angeles: City Of Fallen Angels And Broken Dreams Bibliography Davis, Mike. ?Fortress L.A.? Geography 100 Course Reader. New York: Vintage Books, 1992. 223-263. Kaplan, Robert. ?Travels into America's Future.? The Atlantic Monthly (August 1998): 37-61. Queenan, Joe. ?Yo, San Francisco, You're No L.A.? Los Angeles Times Magazine (October 25, 1998): 20-21. Page 6 The City of Angels; to some, Los Angeles is the embodiment of the American dream- a sort of west coast ?Statue of Liberty,? with opportunity at every corner and in every doorway. The city of razzle-dazzle, movie stars, and Hollywood's walk of fame; for nearly a century Los Angeles has been perceived as the town of dreams. These are, of course, gross exaggerations, as is the perception that Los Angeles is the city of ceaseless riots and brutal racism. Naturally, as in every urban city, there is to an extent some truth in these myths, and because of Los Angeles' unprecedented size and diverse population it tends to be picked on more often than even New York. Los Angeles is an anomaly- there is no other city in the world that could ever begin to rival it. Because people often hate what they cannot explain, writers especially love to tear Los Angeles apart. A well written argument, however, will include an extensive examination of the topic from every side ( in Los Angeles there are many sides to examine) and form an argument that persuades without alienating. In his article ?Travels into America's Future,? though initially relying on the cliche of ?Los Angeles as the embodiment of the American dream' to catch the readers' attentions, writer Robert D. Kaplan ultimately makes a convincing argument towards a positive perception of Los Angeles by examining the issues from many points of view, putting his topic in context through the use of comparisons, and by arguing subtly, so as to make the reader forget he is being persuaded. To fully understand the common fallacies associated with Los Angeles and its surrounding areas, one must first understand the diversity and complexity of its people and culture. On first approach, Los Angeles appears to be a utopia, with ?sandstone cliffs, a peacock-blue ocean, and and an endless bar of cream colored sand... it often appears too beautiful to be real? (Kaplan 37). Los Angeles, however, Page 1 is comprised of a lot more than palm trees and rich movie stars. It is a sprawling city, incorporating many different cultural areas. It is often thought of as a ?city state... not because L.A. is similar to Athens or Sparta but because of the very size and eye popping variety of this thriving urban confederation, with its hinterland of oil refineries and agricultural valleys. Santa Monica has the ambience of a beach resort, East Los Angeles is like Mexico, Monterey Park is like Asia, and Cerritos is an Asian Levittown for the nineties? (Kaplan 41). Traveling through Los Angeles, one often feels as though they have traveled far and wide, experiencing many different cultures within just blocks of each other. People from all over the world come to Los Angeles hoping to find opportunity and freedom from oppressors, people like Zaheer Viriji, a twenty-seven year old ethnic-Indian immigrant from the East African Nation of Zimbabwe. In Kaplan's article, Viriji recalls being harassed by pol ice thugs in Africa. He says that ?race relations are so much better in Southern California... Viriji went first to England and then to Canada, where there are large Indian communities. But he didn't feel free. ?In those places the community is what's happening. Here... it's YOU that is happening' ? (Kaplan 38). Viriji is but one example of many who come to Los Angeles searching for the elusive ?American Dream.' This intense lure attracts people of every race, age and religion, creating one of the most diverse populations of any city in the world. This constant cultural ebb and flow, often creates friction, and, coupled with ignorance, is what has created many of the stereotypes and stigmas that Los Angeles and its residents are constantly fighting. Los Angeles is a city that, in the eye of public perception wears many different masks. The media in Los Angeles as anywhere, has a tendency to create and fuel these stereotypes.